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HARDWARE REFERENCE
Version 2.10
NOTE: The data in this manual is provided for information only. You are strongly advised not to make
direct access to any of the hardware since this may conflict with access made by EPOC. To guarantee
future compatibility, hardware access should only be made via the apropriate operating system calls.
February 3, 1995
(C) Copyright Psion PLC 1990-95
All rights reserved. This manual and the programs referred to herein are copyrighted works of Psion
PLC, London, England. Reproduction in whole or in part, including utilization in machines capable of
reproduction or retrieval, without express written permission of Psion PLC, is prohibited. Reverse
engineering is also prohibited.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Psion and the Psion logo are registered trademarks, and Psion, Psion MC, Psion HC, Psion Series 3,
Psion Series 3a and Psion Workabout are trademarks of Psion PLC.
IBM, IBM XT and IBM AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp.
Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Apple and Macintosh are
registered trademarks of Apple Computer Inc. VAX and VMS are registered trademarks of Digital
Equipment Corporation. 80C86, 8088, 8288, 8259 and SLD are registered trademarks of Intel
Corporation. V30 and V30H are registered trademarks of NEC Corporation. Brief is a registered
trademark of Underware Inc. Psion PLC acknowledges that some other names referred to are registered
trademarks.
SE ee a ae es
Contents
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BuUSSCONtCONE Rs «sas sewaschsv ae sicnne sescaueenpecy mrs roe Fe Sees set ee ee 2
BUSS CONVENED .0:cs<sveccescuskanstvnced sa duadeanes<dugndined olen Dt eee, ead 2
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EC DICOntrollenh scc.csnstet eran ineactoesnt cuss ct eet ea re ee et es 3
MEMOry CecOdiNGh vcrvaceuteats sce seeietessne tuekte sr biat terre ee rere tees 3
iOrdecodingy wee. 5. Aoi te Pesan eS Me ee ee eee 4
Intenruptecomtroller encase ce tetas cote ate ee cae sete este 4
WatehGogMtimert cwicsrcni acs tire Meats asascoa aves settee ee ome masicc cs 4
Address and 1/0 protection...........ccccceccseccescsccececcsstoneesctesecssacsceceecceces 4
ASI G2 tate, unt mcasoedy, sore es stevbaonee he ea eesieoeaes Se 4
System clock Oscillator ..............ceseseeceeceuccesssuccessescecencessteesssausaucevence 5
OG OTINGOMU Olas eine ite t.scsere szunesete rats Letuu dtc padre ecore tetr eae see bes 5
SIBO serial protocol COMtFONER:<:iccicdisissscescnestaesaiciee eae bee Nee 5
SIBO serial protocol slave.............ssssscsvccssccecssccreccaveceuceestsvececcsseccesencs 5
Keyboard: interlace ix. cectie.csscceerics aces bee ce sie vec sunne tie Wureek a aoc eee hev uns 5
BulZZenMteM aCe sees sates teases Sots cccbc erty ann setea ances comma se auwhuctaatt ts Mec oic 5
NIMPOBRERARGM ssssauonepasecteartuanstct sa cestvonda ravens saineaay ox vad olveuiesi Puan. Miule idee 5
PENG ea tives een cuth A Saneet bavaecsiee phe boner enwats viegtdauseevnadeeacanh iaaaimbest Seeramemenadetted 6
Increased Memory addressing............ssssccscssecesesesconssscccuscecauscscnesseeses 6
Incréased.processomspeed-.<.isc:. s::.c0ss0ssdaereceents PR ee 6
Improved Pack performance with hardware wait ...........cc-sssssccsssccscesces 6
Addition of hardware 32 bit RTC...........cccssssecceeccsssccssceccesseecesesescesueces 6
Improved sound facilities ...............ccccssccssecescesccreconsceuccescescesesccecensens 7
Switch on via the membrane key pads ...........scccsscccsescecescesccecceeseusnecess 7
Facility to address two ROM SIteS ..............ccccsesccssecccssecescctscsesssecseesees 7
AUG nal ERE wicwasaecceessnsevencsseaulovis Sesienwets vuncas vay nmpdessvduaiiees ce eekeux och 7
WTPROVEO GIO Y SCAIG vite cexdsctccdeSeuninan biavnsevietrc teu toeecs coigs auntersiWeeeneeats 7
Triple Serial Control and Data Registers............sscsccsssceseccosscesccesscceseucss 7
Contiguous video MEMOSry MAP.........cccccsccesccscocssccnscosseecesscesseavenseccoess 7
Expansion support in SSD Slots ............cscccseccescceesssecssccncccasscesscenseuseus 7
Altered Interrupt allocation ...............cssscossscoesecnsscccusccsescarssensecsseeereescs 8
POU SUDSV STON act zesiantcbianec® tans duntataddweacuaausivedea’ saatune sould poke de AOL Sos eas 8
Thexstand Dy State’. csadeizs. saieslovivescasgus cases sonveceadseddessueteitevee alee gteslease., 8
The DaCKUP:State efits; ociedccedesuenedeclaed ec sveeseecetorceeses avec ss Gavi bedoveeeieosetoes 8
WAS WOE SCALE adaisinrwesiesrens Saxe t snc vaxcuaee doxapadien viewadviveeueocasnets oa vuavedeatieiaarect 8
The Operating State .........cccccscssceccsececsccecceccecsscusececascesesecsccececuscacevencs 8
MOG 1 /SUDDIY Saterccdausesgesasmunecuwecectoutroe dst evasiunnadisnndtitaccdowsy pectietvah lees 8
WEC2 SUDDIY srtserueniddievanuss ens msvadantaasutonasameniaucses RAwapecdintenl sohen eee 9
MCCS: SUI cai osuia cise apiveatoos aug eels eanaratnu supa ru caiaewe id ioe licen cots a uactiadiaasloun Mee 9
VGC4ISUDDIY ccacsns vedas egos cdeccdeead< oa seee vasa Gov dexisibetasecsaulesdeeeveriweteessl eens ane 9
MGCS SUPPLY cai svesdiaieah les letaduaca ss bores cuba veins cola doucited dccesaberiaboaebeearbext 9
VEO 1 SUPDIY cc...sadusiciedss vasdeveves ces pales favaiee ede ve anne seseuaincosnaterhc doveReboae 9
Vee 2PSUPDIY seas iceutivaessscectauis 4 oste succes vereceunnasedcoaceseansieiwenges iene dunsesesext 9
VINSUPDIY Seed beniacis cevete ses cavesignetaswsce Zeb vdshidvesiadedoideens eae lok dose nowend wate sats 9
2 The SIBO Serial Protocol................cccccccecscsecccscacsccscecenssssececesccscecscucsacersccceacce 11
Flardware Interface: .c.c.eiecdisveaeincs Sch ola Sook ceeune eSeiu cen. Svecdedos ou adiooasse we btiee: 11
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The Physicalilayen: vvs.sdsdcecaosvevcnduenssagevacessssceudsavaskiwenseycoelics covudesoodecbecse ste 12
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HARDWARE REFERENCE
DatarOQutputs Rrames.ieas ccd eve atadenseadebesevscceehanenntcus vonseucdovecsedsenetocaaes’ 13
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TL NEMBFANSPOFAV SNE Feiss is vsencecvcsCona seals veveveoneaveeveed den stsvarceoeus saves dentes os beats 14
SlaVemSelOCtMOde:. si.idecsvisss eaisccsecde gssavedesgesivens seiaecaseedscss Ghocetwberessassees 15
SlAVELCONTOl MOMS eke ees Hoek cas caaecnneubaese deeds eoecoo pessoa cacasdee s5eee ieee dane 15
MMI Ofesec cee scotteccsuu instore cvewesecundt pe caceateet sewn seu bol waves uUeeces cveh tame eeeree et 17
STATS eis ossccectvvetseadsess due dias savuseascaslabi gubieinees shapieadoctec accent eee 17
3 The: SIBO..Expansion Poms’... <.5c.cccscovcssascsacusedsvoucdecsacges ccdeeueeceseeemaneco tess eraae sess 19
Extended internal expansion .............cscscccsccerscseceecencocsseveereseccssseseucncesence 19
PAYSICAlCONMCCtOl an. ccsccessse.ccesece .setassee ss scesee sos nonvers ce chaclwanseuteteie ree 19
SiGHal’ASNIOM 6: Fe. 2 see deescessassdecesc tus ccusesta asa vagaesenadicdevdeseneoseoM ol mites ee 20
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The S|IBO’serialschannels. s. cvcvscesenveviess choiccwos hese cela sdatawcens necasuaieges eeees 22
POWEFESUDDILESS. cet cous sccscug eae cns te oscsiien seauec totus denies hen hence iiebe teat betconcds 22
Reduced external Expansion ..........cscsccscoscecsccscesceccueucuvevenseeteseceesencneseceees 22
Physical’ COnnMeCton eis sczeesclcse.ccisececs saceaeveswesce rete oueies deck ceeenns een a eons 22
SIGHAal GETIMUOM: .f2-sserss ease cucecsewssee es sea vouehenene sdecei bdesgsesegeSeoes cacstoyoes 22
Example expansion devices ...........ccsccsecsecsccectstetstecessessesescueesescucneeseesens 23
Extended expansion example one - 8 bit read/write port..........ccscvessseeees 23
Extended expansion example two - 16 channel ADC ............ccccsesecceeeess 23
Reduced expansion example three - TTL RS232 based interface............. 24
CHAPTER 1
THE PRINCIPAL CHIP SET
Current SIBO products in the MC, HC and Series 3 range are based on the same three principal chips.
These are the V30H (a 8086 compatible processor) and two Psion custom chips known as AS/CI and
ASIC2. Later SIBO products including the Series 3a have these three devices integrated into a single
Psion custom chip known as ASIC9.
The V30H is an enhanced 16 bit CMOS version of the 8088 found in the original IBM PC. It is software
compatible with the 8088. The V30H is a fully static design, which means that all the internal storage
elements i.e. its registers are made from static rather than dynamic storage elements. This means there is
no minimum clock speed required to refresh the storage elements and the system clock can be Stopped at
any time with no loss of internal state. This technique is used extensively in the SIBO architecture to save
power while the processor is idle i.e. waiting for an event.
ASICI and ASIC2 are Psion specific gate arrays based on a one micron full CMOS process. They are
described in more detail in the next sections.
Figure 1 shows a simplified block diagram of the SIBO architecture showing the principal three chips.
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Figure 1.
HARDWARE REFERENCE
A en ree]
ASIC1
ASIC1 contains approximately 4300 gates, implemented on a Hitachi one micron CMOS gate array in a
100 pin quad flat pack package.
ASIC1 is the main system controller for the SIBO architecture. It connects directly to the 80C86 in
maximum mode controlling all bus cycles to and from the processor. This configuration effectively forms
a micro-controller like device that executes 8086 instruction codes. ASIC1 is made up of a number of
functional blocks described below.
The bus controller converts the encoded bus cycle requests (present on SO-S2) from the processor into the
appropriate memory and I/O control signals. The bus controller is similar to the Intel 8288 device but
with several enhancements, these are:-
1) Clock stopping on the HALT instruction. Whenever a HALT instruction is issued by the
processor the clock line to the processor is stopped and held low until either an NMI or an
interrupt is asserted.
2) Bus arbitration during video refresh cycles. Bus cycles to the video RAM segment are
delayed while a video refresh is in progress.
3) Memory write and I/O blocking. Memory writes outside pre-programmed segments and all
1/O instructions can be blocked by the bus controller. See following sections on address and
1/O protection.
Memory access to the 8-bit bus are converted to 16 bit accesses by the bus converter. This means that the
80C86 can access memory on the 8-bit bus as if it were 16-bits wide.
ASICI can operate in two modes dependant on a strapping pin: 16 bit memory mode or 8 bit memory
mode. 16 bit mode allows higher processor clock speeds for a given memory access time but requires a
full 16 bit bus and hence 16 bit wide memory. 8 bit mode requires higher speed memory for a given
processor clock speed but only requires an 8 bit bus and 8 bit wide memory. In all MC's ASIC] operates
in 16 bit mode, while the HC operates in 8 bit mode.
In 16 bit mode all the system memory except for the video RAM is connected to the 16 bit bus. The
video RAM is defined as a 32K segment of RAM between B8000 and C0000 hex. Any memory access to
this segment is converted to two 8 bit memory accesses on the 8 bit bus by the bus conversion logic.
These accesses may delay the 80C86 by stopping the clock to allow time for the two accesses or to allow
a video refresh access to take place.
In 8 bit mode all system memory is connected to the 8 bit bus so all memory accesses need to be
converted. This means that memory needs to be faster for a given clock speed than in 16 bit mode,
because two memory accesses need to be "squeezed" into one bus cycle. The video RAM is just part of
the system RAM and is of variable size dependent on the LCD screen size with a base address of 400
hex.
Timer
A general 16 bit count down timer is provided by ASIC]. When the system is not in the standby state i.e.
the processor is running, the clock source can be programmed to be either a fast (512 KHZ) clock or a
slow (32 Hz) clock. Any 16 bit value can be written into the timer at any time. This value will then be
decremented on the next rising edge of the clock. The current value in the timer can be read at any time.
When the value in the timer reaches zero an interrupt is generated. When the system is in the standby
state the timer is clocked from the 32 Hz real time clock oscillator in AS/C3 so that time can be kept
while the processor is powered down.
The timer can operate in two modes controlled by a programmable bit, free running mode or prescale
mode. In free running mode, when the timer decrements to zero an interrupt is generated and the counter
just wraps around to -1 (FFFF). In prescale mode when the interrupt is generated the original value
written to the timer is re-loaded automatically, this allows the interrupt to become a rate programmable
pulse stream. This pulse stream is also an output from ASICI.
1 THE PRINCIPAL CHIP SET
The LCD controller provides all the necessary ti
of up to 640 by 400 dots in size.
The data is output on up to eight signals. Each data signal outputs serial data that is synchronous with the
dot clock. The data is a continuous bit stream formed from serialised data taken from the video refresh
RAM. The data is serialised so that the first pixel in a line is bit 0 in the corresponding byte of the video
RAM, this means the video RAM can be accessed in words i.e 16 bits wide.
The timing and data signals are controlled by a number of programmable registers which allow the
following parameters to be set:
1) Lime length - the number of dots in the line.
2) Frame length - the total number of dots in the screen.
3) Refresh rate - sets the refresh rate. This should be calculated from the system clock speed
and the screen size to give a refresh rate of approximately 70 frames per second.
4) AC drive rate - sets the frequency of the AC drive signal to the LCD module as a function
of the line rate. This should be calculated to be approximately 300 Hz.
5) Display mode - four different display modes are supported these are: single screen refreshed
from video page one; single screen refreshed from video page two; single screen refreshed
from video page one and two giving a two bit grey scale; and double screen refreshed from
video page one and two.
8 bit memory decoding allows for different sized physical memory devices to be connected to the logical
memory slots. Three memory device size options are supported allowing for 32K x 8, 128K x 8 and
512K x 8 devices to be addressed. These options are selected by two programmable bits, MSELO and
MSELI.
The following table summarises the memory device size options:-
MSEL1 MSELO Device size
The following table summarises the memory decoding performed by ASICI:-
00000 - IFFFF
8 Bit slot 0
00000 - O7FFF 00000 - 7FFFF
8 Bit slot 1 08000 - OFFFF | 20000 - 3FFFF 80000 - FFFFF
8 Bit slot 2 10000 - 17FFF | 40000 - SFFFF -
8 Bit slot 3 18000 - 1FFFF | 60000 - 7FFFF -
8 Bit slot 4 20000 - BFFFF | 80000 - BFFFF 80000 - BFFFF
8 Bit slot 5 C0000 - FFFFF} C0000 - FFFFF C0000 - FFFFF
B8000 - BFFFF
00000 - B7FFF + C0000 - FFFFF
16 Bit 8 Bit slot 1
16 Bit 16 Bit slot
HARDWARE REFERENCE
0300 - FFFF Not used
0200 - 02FF Expansion port 2
0100 - O1FF Expansion port 1
0090 - OOFF Not used
0080 - 008F I/O space in ASIC2
0020 - 007F Not used
0000 - 001F Internal I/O in ASICI
The interrupt controller in AS/CJ prioritises eight interrupt request lines to generate a single interrupt
request to the processor. When and if the processor executes an interrupt acknowledge cycle, the
interrupt controller places the correct vector on the bus.
The interrupt controller is similar to the Intel 8259 device, however, the following restrictions apply;
there is no provision for daisy-chaining additional interrupt controllers, level triggered mode only is
supported and the interrupt vector base is fixed at 78 hex.
The 8 interrupts are defined internally in ASJCI as follows:
78
Tick interrupt at 2 or 32 Hz
External interrupt usually connected to mains detect bit
External interrupt from expansion port one
External interrupt from expansion port two
External interrupt from ASIC2
SLD sound receive interrupt
SLD sound transmit interrupt
Watchdog timer —S<—h 3 vhUhm™m™C™t~—O—OCOCC—O
The watch dog timer is a two bit counter which counts up at a rate of 4 Hz. If the count reaches three a
NMI is generated. The counter can be reset by a write to an I/O location inside ASJC1. Normally the
counter is reset on every tick by the interrupt service routine. The NMI will be produced after 24 ticks
have passed with no reset, this equates to 0.75 of a second with interrupts disabled.
The range is set by writing the upper and a lower segment bounds for the given range to two internal 16
bit registers in ASIC].
Protected mode is switched on and off by writing to or reading from a special I/O location in ASICI.
eA
ASIC2
ASIC2 contains approximately 2200 gates, implemented on a Hitachi one micron CMOS gate array in an
80-pin quad flat pack package.
ASIC2 contains the system clock oscillator, controls switching between the standby and operating states,
and provides an interface to the power supply, keyboard, buzzer, SSDs and expansion ports. ASIC2
consists of the following functional blocks:
1 THE PRINCIPAL CHIP SET
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An on-chip oscillator cell connected to an external crystal generates the main system clock in the
operating state. The system clock frequency is divided down to provide clocks for the serial channels, the
SLD bus interface and for RS232 communication. The oscillator is disabled in the standby and battery
backup states to conserve power.
ASIC2 controls switching between the standby and operating states. AS/C2 puts the system into the
operating state when: the keyboard "on" signal is asserted; the system "reset" signal is generated; an
expansion device requests service; an external controller initiates a "high speed link" or the AS/C/ timer
reaches zero.
Switching from the operating state to the standby state is software controlled. When an "enter standby"
command is written to ASIC2 it shuts down the power supply via the serial interface and puts the system
into the standby state.
ASIC2 contains an 8-channel SIBO serial protocol controller which provides an interface to the power
supply, the SSDs, the expansion ports and the high speed link. Channel assignments are:
Power supply (ASIC3)
SSDs
Expansion ports
High speed link
Serial clocks 5 & 6 may be set free running at 1.536Mhz, this frequency may be divided down by devices
connected to the expansion ports to provide baud rates for RS232 communication.
To maximise the data transfer rate, a "controller busy" signal is generated by ASIC2 during a data
transfer. This signal is connected to the processor TEST pin.
For further details refer to "The SIBO serial protocol” chapter of this manual.
is used for the "high speed link" to receive data transmitted by an external
controller. An interrupt is generated when a frame is received.
ASIC2 provides an interface to a matrix keyboard of up to 192 keys, made up from 16 rows by 12
columns. During a keyboard scan the columns are each driven high in tum by ASIC2 and the row
information is read from the keyboard row register. Normally the row buffer is 8 bits wide which gives a
matrix of 8 x 12 i.e. 96 keys.
A piezo electric buzzer element can be connected directly to AS/C2. The buzzer can be driven at high or
low volume, and either directly by toggling an ASIC2 register bit or by the overflow bit from the ASIC!
timer.
NMI g
ASIC2 controls the generation of an NMI which is passed onto the processor via ASIC. This NMI can
be generated from a number of sources, these are, power fail conditions and SSD or expansion port door
micro-switches. When the main power supply voltage (Vsup) falls to a level insufficient to power the
system ASIC3 signals ASIC2 and a power fail NMI is generated. When an expansion device is removed
or inserted, or if an SSD is removed or inserted micro-switches connected to ASIC2 generate the
appropriate NMI. The source of the NMI is identified by reading a register in ASIC2.
HARDWARE REFERENCE
SS SSS ee ee |
ASICS
The Series 3a differs from the above description in that the V30H and all the functions in ASIC] and
ASIC2 have been integrated into a single custom device known as ASIC9. This has allowed faster
processing speeds and lower power consumption to be achieved. In addition a number of enhancements
and alterations have been made to the SIBO architecture listed below.
. This allows larger mas
ROM's and RAM's to be addressed. This is done by implementing bank switching in ASIC9 which will
be similar to EMS on PC's.
Each bank is 64 KBytes in size and is selected by writing into one of four page registers, two to select a
RAM address and two to select ROM addresses. These page registers are called PSELO to PSEL3
respectfully.
This method extends the V30H address capability by 4 bits to produce two 24 bit address bus ranges, one
for RAM and one for ROM. This gives an affected linear address range of 32 MBytes. The 16 MByte
RAM space is decoded into 4 Chip selects allowing up to 8 x 16 Mbit RAM devices (2 per chip select as
16 bit wide). The 16 MByte ROM space is decoded into two chip selects each selecting 8 MBytes each,
one for mask ROM and one for FLASH memory.
The physical address map for the V30H now looks like this:-
00000 - SFFFF | Maps to physical bottom 384K of the 16 Mbyte RAM space.
60000 - 6FFFF | Maps to 64K RAM segment selected by page register PSELO.
70000 - 7FFFF | Maps to 64K RAM segment selected by page register PSEL1.
80000 - 8FFFF | Maps to 64K ROM segment selected by page register PSEL2.
90000 - 9FFFF | Maps to 64K ROM segment selected by page register PSEL3.
A0000 - FFFFF | Maps to physical top 384K of the 16 Mbyte ROM space.
= Se
Although the V30H microprocessor is rated at clock speeds of up to 16 MHz, the Series 3 machine is
currently limited to a clock speed of 3.84 MHz. This is due to the fact that ASICi accesses the ROM as
two 8 bit bytes to assemble a 16 bit word for the V30H. This equates to a required ROM access speed of
approximately 250 nSec for a 3.84 MHz clock. Readily available mask ROM's have an access speed of
200 nSec which currently limits the clock speed of Series 3.
ASIC9 supports 16 bit wide accesses to memory space which allows a doubling of the clock speed for the
same ROM access time. In addition ASIC9 will support programmable wait states so that faster clock
speeds can be used with slow ROM's or RAM's.
more closely to the bus controller. This is now possible as they are both in the same chip. The serial
controller can now automatically hold the processor (by stopping the CPU clock) if it attempts to issue a
command to the controller whilst it is busy. This reduces to zero the overhead involved in determining
this condition. This technique should also enhance the speed that Flash memory devices can be written
to.
Addition of hardware 32 b =—séC
The ASICI/ASIC2 implementation of the SIBO architecture uses the FRC (Free running counter) to
maintain time while the CPU is powered down (in standby). This means the CPU must wake up at a
periodic rate (approx 8 hours) to keep time, if the CPU cannot start (no main batteries) time is lost. To
overcome this limitation AS/C9 contains a separate 32 bit real time clock that will continually maintain
the system time independently from the CPU. This counter will be clocked at 1 Hz so its maximum range
will be 232 seconds or approx 136 years.
1 THE PRINCIPAL CHIP SET
EEE
ASIC9 contains a 16 FIFO buffer to reduce the CPU overhead involved in playing or recording sounds
via the CODEC device.
ASIC9 contains the logic to bring the system out of the standby state if any of a set number of row inputs
goes high. This allows Switch on via the membrane key pads.
The 16 MByte paged ROM address will be split into twe sections each 8 MBytes in size. It is intended
that one section is for mask ROM one for FLASH memory.
ASIC9 contains an additional FRC (Free Running Counter). This FRC is functionally identical to the
current FRC but is indented for general user use and is not used by EPOC.
This second FRC can be clocked from either 512 KHz or 1024 Hz. This extends the use of the FRC by
providing a counter with a resolution of 1 mSec and a range of just over one minute. This could help
software time events in the mSec range i.e. a stopwatch.
The mapping of the two video maps has been improved to reduce the overhead that grey scales impose on
software. This improved scheme supports only one grey level together with black and white. The second
video map is an attribute map and would have the effect of dimming only those pixels that are set i.e.
black.
“
ASIC9 contains three serial control registers and three read data registers. This allows independent
expansion devices to be added to either SSD slot.
The main advantage of triple registers is that a multiple-mode pack read can be interrupted at anytime by
a read or write to any of the other serial channels without loss of setup and data, for example servicing an
RS232 interrupt from either SSD slot.
The ASICI/ASIC2 implementation of the SIBO architecture positions the two video maps so that they are
separated by a fixed address space (16K 4000H). This restriction is overcome in ASIC9 by Starting the
second video map directly after the first video map regardless of the size of the video maps.
in SS
Two active low external interrupt inputs are provided by ASJC9 which can be connected to the VBACK
outputs on two SSD sockets. This will allow SSD sized expansion devices to be fitted internally to the
Series 3a.
The Interrupt allocation has been changed in AS/C9 so that sound processing is serviced at the highest
priority. Interrupts are allocated as follows:-
CSINT CODEC sound interrupt.
TINT 32 Hz tick interrupt.
SSINT Serial slave interrupt.
EINTO External interrupt input 0.
EINT1 External interrupt input 1 (inverted).
EINT2 External interrupt input 2 (inverted).
FRC1OI FRC1 overflow interrupt .
FRC20I1 FRC2 overflow interrupt.
PSU subsystem
SIBO architecture power supplies all differ depending on the system requirements. MC and HC power
supplies have higher current ratings to support a wide variety of expansion devices and are based around
7.2 volt NiCd batteries. The Series 3 and its derivatives have a lower current rating and are based around
two 1.5 volt alkaline batteries.
MC and HC power supplies are based on a full custom liner ASIC known as ASIC3. This custom chip is
manufactured by Maxim and has the Maxim part number MAX616. The power supply provides a
number of switched power rails from one unregulated supply rail known as Vsup. This supply is
typically connected to the main battery in the system and can be in the range 5.5 to 12 volts. These
supply rails are derived from Vsup from either PNP pass transistor linear regulators or from switch mode
regulators. Series 3 power supplies generate a sub-set of the rails listed below from a number of switch
mode regulators.
SIBO architecture power supplies all operate in four principal states, these are; standby, backup idle and
operating.
Th : 2
In the standby state the main oscillator and the processor are shut down. ASICI, ASIC2 and the memory
are powered and the real time oscillator is running to keep time. The timer in ASJCI is used in this mode
to keep time while the processor is powered down. All other supply rails are switched of in this state.
The backup state only exists when the main battery supply has failed or is not present. State is the
same as the standby state except that Vccl is now powered from the backup battery input and switching
to the operating state is inhibited.
In the idle state the processor is powered up and the main system oscillator is running: the switchable
supply rails may be on depending on software instructions. The processor clock is stopped and the
processor is idle and waiting for an event i.e. an interrupt. This means that the bus is not active apart
from LCD screen refresh accesses.
ating state __—sdiziéts =—i—<iéis—sSCséséséS<Sié<S;S
The operating state is the same as the idle state except that the processor clock is running and the bus is
active.
ee l—“OCONONONONRO#NONONNONCONOCNCCCi«SC.CisikiséstsC«sisisCCisés..SN
Vccl is a nominal +5 volt supply that is not programmable and is present in all states. On MC and HC
power supplies it is derived from Vsup via a PNP pass transistor, the base drive of which is supplied by
—e
1 THE PRINCIPAL CHIP SET
— ee EEEESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSsshsFsese
ASIC3, this configuration is the same for all the linear regulators. On Series 3 power supplies it is
derived from a DC to DC converter and on ASIC9 based systems the nominal voltage is 3.3 volts.
Vccl supplies ASIC] and ASIC2 or ASIC9 plus all the memory. The Vccl supply is current limited to a
few hundred micro-amps when the system is in the standby state.
Vcc2 is a +5 volt supply that is either derived from Vsup in the same way as Vccl or from a DC to DC
converter. Vcc2 is disabled when the system is in the standby state and is automatically switched on when
the operating or idle state is entered. Vcc2 powers the processor and any other devices that can be shut
down in the standby state. Vcc2 is also connected to the expansion ports for powering peripheral devices.
Vecc2 is fixed at 5 volts even in a 3.3 volt system.
Vcc3 is a software switchable supply. It is either 5 volts or 3.3 volts depending on the voltage of Vccl. It
is connected to the LCD display module and powers the display drivers.
Vccé4 is a software switchable +5 volt supply. It is connected to the positive supply to the sound sub-
system. It is only present in MC and HC power supplies.
VecS is a software switchable +5 volt supply that is either derived from Vsup in the same way as Vccl
or switched from Vcc2. It is connected to the 5 volt supply pin on the external SSD slots.
Veel is a software switchable negative supply rail which is connected to the LCD module to provide the
LCD bias voltage. The voltage of Veel can by programmed in software to provide software adjustment
of the LCD contrast. Veel is generated using a fly-back switch mode regulator. The voltage generated is
determined by comparing the feedback voltage to the output of a DAC.
able negative supply rail which is connected to the negative supply of the sound
Vee2 is a software switch:
sub-system. Vee2 is specified as -5 volts plus or minus 5% and is generated from Vsup using a fly-back
switch mode regulator which is controlled by ASIC3. Vee2 is only present on MC and HC power
supplies.
Vh is a software switchable positive supply rail which is connected to the SSD slots. It is used in the
SSD's to provide the programming voltage needed to write and format Flash memory devices. Vh is
generated using a fly-back switch mode regulator is specified to be +16 volts.
CHAPTER 2
THE SIBO SERIAL PROTOCOL
The SIBO serial protocol is a general purpose method of bidirectional serial data transfer. It has been
designed to communicate between a controlling device and a number of slave devices
The interface consists of 2 wires as follows:
CLK Clock output from the controller to the slaves. Nominally 3.84 MHz.
DATA A bidirectional synchronous data line.
The data is transferred using a series of 12 bit frames including 8 data bits each. This equates to a
theoretical maximum data transfer rate of approximately 312 Kbytes/second. Other bits of the frame
contain control information.
The "system" is generically defined by 2 protocol layers:
The Physical layer defining the hardware interface and frame structure.
The Transport layer defines system control and register transfers between the controller and the slaves.
These layers are described in detail in the next two sections.
Using this system a large number of higher level implementations can be defined. Initially these will
include:
1) An eight channel controller. This will be embodied within all SIBO computers to allow up
to 8 isolated channels to be accessed.
2) Power control IC. This is also internal to the computers and operates as a slave.
3) Memory pack. This is an external plug-in device operating as a slave.
In normal use the controller will communicate to slaves in a point to point configuration. Multidrop
configurations with a number of slaves attached to one channel of the controller are also supported.
ES ee ee ee ee ee
Hardware Interface
This section specifies the timing and hardware required by the SIBO serial protocol.
This consists of two lines that switch at SV CMOS voltage levels:-
CLK = Aclock output from the controller to the slaves. Nominally 3.84 MHz.
DATA A bidirectional synchronous data line.
This line is used to synchronously clock data between the controller and slaves. It is always output from
the controller.
The clock should only be active during the transfer of data. At all other times it is tristate pulled low.
11
HARDWARE REFERENCE
Clock Timing Parameters
Symbol
Tckh
Tckl Width of Clock Low
Teyc Cycle time of clock
Fck Clock Frequency
Width of Clock High
This is a bidirectional line used to transfer data synchronously between the controller and slaves. The
direction of the data line is not determined by the physical layer but by the control information in the
transport layer. This is described in the next section.
When no data transfers are in progress the data line is always set to input on both the controller and
slaves. This line is pulled low.
Data Timing Parameters
Data Received by Controller
Trdset Data set-up time
Trdhold Data hold time
Trdset Data set-up time
Trdhold Data hold time
Data is changed on the falling edge of clock by the transmit device and latched into the receiving device
on the rising edge of clock.
The Physical layer
This section specifies the low level protocol of the SIBO serial protocol.
The physical layer protocol consists of a series of 12 bit frames. There are four types of frames:
Null frames Transmitted by controller to synchronize slaves.
Control frames Control information transmitted by controller to slaves.
Data output frames Data frame transmitted by controller to slaves.
Data input frames Data frame received by controller from a slave.
Name ST CTL Ii DO D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
2 THE SIBO SERIAL PROTOCOL
ST Start bit. This bit goes high to indicate the start of a valid frame.
CTL Control bit. When low indicates this is a control frame. High indicates a data frame.
It Idle bit. Used to turn around direction of data line. Normally Low.
DO-D7 Data bits. Used to turn around direction of data line. Normally low.
I2 Idle bit.
This is a special frame transmitted by the controller to ensure all slaves are synchronized. It is generated
by transmitting 12 clock pulses with the data line set to input. Since the data line is pulled low this
results in 12 zeros being transmitted.
Control frame. _
This frame is transmitted from the controller to one or more slaves. The data line is an output from the
controller throughout the whole frame.
The bits in the frame have the following value in a control frame.
ST Start bit. This bit goes high to indicate the start of a valid frame.
CTL Control bit. Low to indicate this is a control frame.
I] Idle bit. Set low.
D0-D7 Data bits. 8 bits of control information.
12 Idle bit. Set low.
The bits in the frame have the following value in a data output frame.
ST Start bit. This bit goes high to indicate the start of a valid frame.
CTL Control bit. High to indicate this is a data frame.
I1 Idle bit. Set low.
DO0-D7 Data bits. 8 bits of transmitted data.
I2 Idle bit. Set low.
This frame is received by the controller from a slave. The data line is an output from the controller for
cycles 1 and 2 and input to the controller for cycles 4 to 11.
The bits in the frame have the following value in a data input frame.
ST Start bit. Output from controller. This bit goes high to indicate the start of a valid
frame.
CTL Control bit. Output from controller. High to indicate this is a data frame.
Il Idle bit. Used to turn around direction of data line. Both controller and slave should
tristate the data line during this bit. This bit should be low due to pull down
resistor on data line. The controller changes the data line from output to input
at the end of cycle 2. The slave changes the data line from input to output at
the start of cycle 4.
Data bits. Output from slave 8 bits of data transmitted by slave. Controller sets data line
to input during these bits.
13
HARDWARE REFERENCE
I2 Idle bit. Used to turn around direction of data line. Both controller and slave should
tristate the data line during this bit. Should be low due to pull down resistor on
data line. The slave changes data line from output to input at the end of cycle
11.
SLAVE
Condition
Outside Frame
Null frame
Control Frame
Data output from controller
Data input to controller:-
Cycles 1-2
Cycle 3
Cycles 4-1
Cycle 12
Key T Tristate
I Input
oO Output
SSS eee ee ee ee ae eer
The Transport layer
This section specifies the transport level protocol that operates above the SIBO serial communication
physical layer.
The transport layer protocol controls the serial communication between the SIBO Protocol Controller
(SPC) and a number of SIBO Protocol Slave (SPS) devices. The following rules apply:
1) The interface is controlled by the writing of control bytes from the controller to the slaves.
Control bytes cannot be written by the slaves. Unsolicited data cannot be sent from the slave
to the controller.
2) The controlling device contains two registers to communicate to the slaves. These are the
control register (byte, write only) and the Data register (byte or word, read/write).
Control bytes are transmitted to the slaves by writing to the control register.
The format of the control byte is as follows:-
The control word can have 2 distinct formats depending on the setting of bit 7 the Select (S) bit:
Select = 0 This is the slave select mode. This mode is for selecting, deselecting and
resetting slaves.
Select = 1 This is the slave control mode. This mode is for communicating with a slave
which has been previously selected using the select slave command.
14
2 THE SIBO SERIAL PROTOCOL
Key: R = single reset bit, IIIIII = 6 bit ID field.
The 6 bit ID field is a property only of the slave. No slave may have an ID of zero, hence there can be 63
different slaves connected to one controller.
The reset bit (R) controls whether the slave(s) are selected or reset. If R = 0 slave(s) are reset, R = 1
slave(s) are selected.
Slave select control bytes can be summarised by the following table:
0 0 0 Reset all slaves
0 0 xx< >0 Reset specific slave with ID = xx
0 1 0 Deselect slave (does not reset slave)
0 1 xx< >0 Select slave with ID=xx and read slave info (see below).
The Reset function is dependant on the slave. It would normally put the slave into a known passive reset
State.
Select Slave with ID=xx (S=0,R=1)
This is a special command that causes a slave with ID=xx to transmit to the controller an 8 bit
information field. This field depends entirely on the slave but must be non zero. A reply of 0 indicates
that there is no slave of the requested ID present.
command described above.
The format of the control word in slave select mode is as follows:
Key
R/W Read/write select. 0 = write, 1 = read
B/W Data transfer size. 0 = 1 byte transfer, 1 = word (2 byte transfer).
S/M Single/Multi transfer mode. 0 = single, 1 = multibyte.
XXXX 4 bits of data to slave.
Note the meaning of the 4 bits of data (XXXX) is entirely dependent on the slave.
The settings of R/W,B/W,S/M bits in the control word determine the size, type and direction of
subsequent data transfers in the following manner:
15
HARDWARE REFERENCE
—_— gs eeeSSSEeeeSSSSSSSSFSSSSSMSSN
2
2
S/M
write a single byte to slave
write a number of single bytes to slave
write a byte pair to slave
write a number of byte pairs to slave
read a number of single bytes from slave
read a byte pair from slave
= SY —& -&§ CO FO OC OO
0
1
0
1
0 read a single byte from slave
1
0
1
- Fe OF 0O KF &§ CO 0
read a number of byte pairs from slave
Write a single byte
This command readies the currently selected slave to receive a byte of data and sets up the controller so
that the next byte (or the LSB of a word) written to its data register will be transmitted to that slave.
Anything further written to the controller's data register will have no effect.
Write a number of single bytes
This command readies the currently selected slave to receive a number of sequential bytes of data. The
slave will expect to receive data bytes until another control byte is received. The controller is set up so
that the next byte (or the LSB of a word) written to its data register will be transmitted to that slave. All
subsequent bytes written to the controller's data register will be transmitted to the slave. This will
continue until another byte is written to the controller's control register.
Write a byte pair
This command readies the currently selected slave to receive two bytes of data and sets up the controller
so that the next word written to its data register will be transmitted to that slave (LSB first). Anything
further written to the controller's data register will have no effect.
Write a number of byte pairs
This command readies the currently selected slave to receive a number of sequential byte pairs of data.
The slave will expect to receive byte pairs until another control byte is received. The controller is set up
so that the next word written to its data register will be transmitted to that slave (LSB first). All
subsequent words written to the controller's data register will be transmitted to the slave. This will
continue until another byte is written to the controller's control register.
Read a single byte
This command triggers a byte to be transmitted from the selected slave to the controller. This byte can
then be read from the LSB of the controller's data register. Further reads of the controller's data register
will return the same data but have no effect on the protocol.
Read a number of single bytes
This command triggers a byte to be transmitted from the selected slave to the controller. This byte can
then be read from the LSB of the data register. This read will trigger the next byte to be transmitted to
the data register of the controller. All subsequent reads of the controller's data register will trigger
further bytes to be transmitted to the controller. This will continue until another byte is written to the
controller's control register.
Read a byte pair
This command triggers a byte pair to be transmitted from the selected slave to the controller. This word
can then be read from the controller's data register. Further reads of the controller's data register will
return the same data but have no effect on the protocol.
Read a number of byte pairs
This command triggers a byte pair to be transmitted from the selected slave to the controller. This word
can then be read from the controller's data register. This read will trigger the next byte pair to be
transmitted to the data register of the controller. All subsequent reads of the controller's data register will
trigger further byte pairs to be transmitted to the controller. This will continue until another byte is
written to the controller's control register.
16
2 THE SIBO SERIAL PROTOCOL
wn below. The time is given in SIBO
pack protocol clock cycles. The length of a clock cycle is nominally 260 nanoseconds for a clock
frequency of 3.84 MHz.
Receive and process the control byte 12 cycles
Byte transfer to or from slave 12 cycles
Byte pair transfer to or from slave 24 cycles
When writing to the controller's data and control registers the following rules apply:-
1) After writing to the control register there must be a delay of at least 12 cycles before the
data register is accessed or another control word is written.
2) To read a word from the data register after the command to read byte pair is issued there
must a delay of at least 12 (for control byte) + 24 (for the byte pair transfer) = 36 cycles.
3) To perform a multiple byte pair write there must be a delay of at least 12 cycles after the
command is written to the control register before the first word can be written to the data
register and a delay of at least 24 cycles between subsequent writes to the data register.
A slave can be in one of 5 states. Note a control byte can be received and interpreted at any time.
1) Waiting to receive a data byte or control byte
2) Waiting to receive a data byte pair or control byte
3) Waiting to transmit a data byte or control byte
4) Waiting to transmit a data byte pair or control byte
5) Waiting to receive control byte only
The following table shows the state after each control word is received
S R Dow Slave select
0 0 0 Reset all
0 0 <>0 Reset slave
| 0 Deselect slave
Oo 1 <>0 Select slave
S RW B2B SM XXXx
1 0 0 0 x write byte
1 OQ 0 1 x write bytes
1 0 1 0 x write byte pair
1 0O 1 1 x write byte pairs
1 1 0 0 x read byte
1 1 0 1 x read bytes
1 1 1 0 x read byte pair
1 1 1 1 x read byte pairs
17
CHAPTER 3
THE SIBO EXPANSION PorTS
The SIBO architecture allows for two types of expansion device, extended internal expansion and reduced
external expansion. Extended internal expansion slots provide direct I/O with the processor, a SIBO
serial channel, and connection to the power supply. It allows for higher powered expansion devices to be
added by including a direct connection to the main 7.2 volt battery. The MC and HC products both
support two independent extended internal expansion slots. Reduced external expansion is based on a
single SIBO serial channel only and has very limited power available ( < 25 mA ). The Series 3 and 3a
supports a single reduced external expansion slot only.
———E SSS eee ee ee eee
Extended internal expansion
98148-1182
EXPANSION DEVICE
COMPONENT SIDE
99148-1123
SIBO COMPUTER
Figure 2
The 26th position is a polarising key and should be left blank. The correct mating connector on the
expansion device is made up from a number of Molex C-Grid series 90148 connectors. Pins 1 and 2 are
19
HARDWARE REFERENCE
GND and should have there own connector placed nearer the board edge to ensure the GND connection
is made first when the expansion device is inserted. The required connectors are Molex 90148-1102 for
the GND contacts and Molex 90148-1123 for the signal contacts.
Should mate first when device inserted
Should mate first when device inserted
B CMOS] 8 bit multiplexed address and data bus pulled low with 100 K resistors
B CMOS
O CMOS} I/O write strobe - active high, data valid on falling edge of IOWR
O CMOS] I/O read strobe - high when device can place valid data on ADO-AD7
O CMOS| External Expansion Select - high during I/O cycles to expansion device
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Used to enable reprograming of internal system Flash memory
Unregulated battery voltage - present all the time
I CMOS | Active high interrupt input
I CMOS | Active low input pulled up to Vcci - pull low to switch machine on
B CMOS| SIBO serial protocol data line - pulled low
T CMOS| SIBO serial protocol clock line - Hi-Z in standby needs a pull down
Power
Power | +5 volt supply, switched off in standby. Max current available = 50 mA
The signal types are:
O CMOS CMOS output to the expansion device.
B CMOS CMOS bi-directional line to the expansion device.
T CMOS CMOS tri-state output to the expansion device.
1 CMOS CMOS input from the expansion device.
All the CMOS signals including the ADO-AD7 bus are buffered from the main system busses and so
present a load of one HC series logic gate.
Expansion devices can be connected to direct processor I/O space using the following signals; ADO-AD7,
ALE, IOWR, IORD, EES and INTR.
ADO-AD7 is the least significant half of the multiplexed address and data bus, this means that up to 128
I/O addresses are available for each expansion device. As only the least significant half of the bus is
available and no bus conversion is done only even addresses can be used.
ALE must be used to latch the address from ADO-AD7 for devices that require a stable address. The
address is valid on the falling edge of ALE. Note that AO will always be low for valid writes to the
expansion device and as such should not be used as an address line, Al should be used as the lowest
order address line. AO can be used as an additional enable signal to stop odd I/O accesses disturbing the
expansion device (see example 1).
EES is the External Expansion Select and is high during all I/O accesses to the expansion device, i.e. for
I/O reads and writes to address range 100 to 1FF hex. for expansion port 1, and 200 to 2FF for
expansion port 2.
20
3 THE SIBO EXPANSION PORTS
IOWR is an active high signal which is high during all I/O write bus cycles. The data on ADO-AD7 is
guaranteed to be stable before the rising edge of IOWR and after the falling edge of IOWR.
IORD is an active high signal which is high during all I/O read bus cycles. The ADO-AD7 bus is
guaranteed to be tri-state before the rising edge of IORD and after the falling edge of IORD. The
expansion device must present valid data on the bus when IORD is high, see the timing details below.
INTR is an active high interrupt input to ASJC1. This can be used as a directly readable bit or as a
dedicated interrupt input. It must not be driven high when the system is in the standby state as this input
is pulled down and will cause excessive standby current consumption.
Figure 3 shows the timing of the I/O write and read cycles.
1/0 WRITE CYCLE :
: /VVV ,
ADB-AD7 VALID _ADDRX X XXX VALID WRITE DATA :
ALE
Fes
ALE
EES
IORD
Address set up time
Address hold time
Write data set up time
Write cycle pulse width
Write data hold time
Time from Hi-Z to data active
Read cycle pulse width
Read data set up time
Read data hold time
Note the typical values given are for an MC with a system oscillator of 15.36 MHz, the HC times will be
approximately twice as long. The minimum times given are for projected higher speed MC devices with
oscillator frequencies of up to 23.04 MHz.
21
HARDWARE REFERENCE
a kw eS
1.536 MHz regardless of the system clock frequency. This frequency is a multiple of the SLD clock rate
and of all normal RS232 baud rates.
Two power supplies are available for expansion devices these are Vcc2 and Vsup.
Vec2 is a +5 volt supply that is derived from Vsup. Vec2 is switched off when the system is in the
standby state and is switched on when the operating or idle state is entered. Each expansion device can
draw up to 50 mA from Vcc2.
If an expansion device requires more than 50 mA or cannot be powered down when the system is in the
standby state the Vsup power supply must be used. Vsup is the unregulated supply directly from the main
system batteries or from the DC jack input. It will be in the range 5.5 to 12 volts under normal
conditions. To use Vsup the expansion device must regulate Vsup to 5 volts with a low drop-out linear
regulator. Care must be taken to not be active and driving any signals high when the system is in the
standby state as Vsup is always present. This can be achieved either in software or by using Vcc2 as a
signal indicating the active state.
SSE, EE ee ae ee eee
Reduced external expansion
The reduced expansion port is made up of a 6 way two row connector spaced on a 2 x 3 way 0.1 inch
pitch. Figure 4 shows the physical connector numbering.
Looking into Series 3 / 3a
Figure 4
MSD Master SIBO serial protocol data line - pulled low
MCLK Master SIBO serial protocol clock line - low in standby
Vec +5 volt supply, switched off in standby. Limited to 25 mA
GND Signal ground, this signal should mate first when connector inserted
SSD/INT Slave SIBO serial data line or active high interrupt input
Slave SIBO serial clock line or active high switch on input
MSD and MCLK form a single master SIBO serial protocol channel, this is normally channel 7. The
serial channel clock can be continuously enabled to provide a free running clock for expansion devices.
The frequency is fixed at 1.536 MHz regardless of the system clock frequency. SDS/INT and
SCK/EXON are both dual function pins. SDS and SCK form a single slave SIBO serial protocol channel,
this can be combined with MSD and MCLK to form a bidirectional high speed data link. SDS/INT can
also be used as an active high interrupt input. The function of SDS/INT can be programmed in ASIC2 or
ASIC9. A rising edge on the SCK/EXON input will bring the system out of the Standby state into the
operating state. VCC is a +5 volt supply that is switched off when the system is in the standby state and
22
3 THE SIBO EXPANSION PORTS
is switched on when the system is in the operating or idle state. The maximum current that can be drawn
is 25 mA.
ha Se ee ee eS ee a el
Example expansion devices
Two examples are given to illustrate using the direct I/O expansion signals present in an extended SIBO
expansion port. A further example is given using a SIBO serial channel for both reduced and extended
expansion slots.
ExaER one is a ‘ile 8 bit read/write port. 8 LEDs can be set ie an OUT instruction and the state of
an 8 bit DIL switch can be read by an IN instruction. Figure 5 shows the schematic of such a port.
=
Eee te a tae a [ia]
=I a [ae
vs iis
4 274 2ag Le) 2
16p
Bch ai ji
26) IT
8x100K
GND GNO GND GND GND GND GND GNO
8 x Lav
current LEOs
cs
LOOnF
Figure 5
Note that the port is powered from Vcc2 which has a maximum current budget of 50 mA so low current
LEDs must be used.
IC3B latches the state of ADO to provide a stable AO line, this is used as an additional enable signal, so
that only even I/O cycles will effect the state of the port. IC2A combines AO, EES and IORD to provide
a negative going pulse during any even read to the expansion port address range. IC2B combines AO,
EES and IOWR to provide a negative going pulse during any even writes to the expansion port address
range. IC2C just inverts the sense of ALE so that address can be latched on the rising edge by IC3B.
wo - 16 channel ADC |
Example two is a 16 channel analog input interface. It is based on the National Semiconductor part
ADC0816. The interface is arranged so that a write to the expansion port address range will start a
conversion and select the required analog channel to read. The interrupt input (INTR) is connected to the
EOC signal to generate an interrupt when the conversion is complete.
Figure '6 ‘shows the schematic of the 16 channel analog interface.
23
HARDWARE REFERENCE
MC/HC EXPANSION PORT
i cL c2 i c3 ca cs
— 6V3 100nF L100nF 406nF 100nF
GND
Figure 6
IC1 latches AD1 to AD4 to provide 4 stable address lines during the START and ALE pulse to the
ADC0816. IC3A combines IOWR and EES to provide a positive going pulse to set the cannel address
and start a conversion. IC3B combines IORD and EES to provide a positive going pulse to enable the
digital data onto the ADO-AD7 bus. The clock line from the serial channel SCK is used as a free running
1.536 MHz clock source, this is divided by 4 by IC2 to provide a 384 KHz clock for the ADC0816. The
end of conversion signal (EOC) is connected directly to the INTR input to provide an interrupt when the
conversion is complete.
Example three is a TTL level RS232 expansion device that can be connected to a reduced or extended
expansion slot. »
Figure 7 shows the schematic of A TTL RS232 based expansion device.
3 THE SIBO EXPANSION PORTS
po RS 400K
. RQ 100K
pa? pa2———_.D
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mus, Sma,
pe RS 106K
earner se)
GND
vec ai
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IC2 74HCT244
RITE Ea : : c3+
EXPANSION : O.1uF per chip
v ——<EI :
eee Th. ANPUIS..£
Figure 7
The interface is based around a Psion custom chip known as ASICS, this device is a 44 pin plastic quad
flat pack device and is available from Psion for custom expansion development. This device converts the
SIBO serial channel into standard RS232 signals and allows the standard RS232 device driver contained
in EPOC to be used.
Transistor Q1 provides a switched power rail for any other expansion device. This rail will automatically
be switched off when the RS232 port is closed. D1 is required to isolate the supply so that the external
device does not back power the SIBO computer when it enters the standby state. If the additional device
does not require a supply or only uses a few micro-amps then Q1 and D1 can be omitted, Vcc and the
supply for the expansion device can be connected directly to Vcc2.
If CMOS level.RS232 signals are required IC1 can be replaced with a 74HC244 device. If inverted sense
RS232 signals are required IC1 can be replaced with a 74HC241 device.
25
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INDEX
ADO-AD7 signal 20
ALE signal 20
analog interface 23
ASIC1 1
8/16-bit bus 2
1/0 decoding 4
interrupts 4
memory decoding 3
protected mode 4
ASIC2 1, 4
serial protocol 5
ASIC3 2,9
power supply 8
ASIC5 25
ASICS 1,9
addressing 6
buzzer 4
CODEC 7
sound interrupt 8
Control frames 12
Data input frames 12
Data output frames 12
EES signal 20
eight channel controller 11
expansion connector 22
expansion port 5, 22
extended expansion port 19
Flash 6
addressing 7
FRC 6, 7
interrupt 8
free running clock 22
Free running counter 6, 7
HALT 2
HC 1
ASIC1 2
high speed link 5
i/o timing 21
IN instruction 23
INTR signal 21
IORD signal 21
IOWR signal 21
keyboard 4
interface 5
MC 1
ASIC1 2
memory pack 11
Null! frames 12
OUT instruction 23
power control!IC 11
power supply 5
ASIC2 4
expansion 22
HC 8,9
MC 8,9
Series 3 8,9
RAM
addressing 6
read/write port 23
reduced expansion port 22
ROM
addressing 6
addressing two sites 7
RS232 interface 24
serial channel clock 22
serial transfer rate 11
Series 3 1
Series 3a 1
ASICS 6
expansion support 7
SIBO Protocol Slave (SPS) devices 14
SSD 4, 5, 6, 7
power supply 9
SSDs 5
V30H 1
addressing 6
ASICS 6
speed 6
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